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Conceptual

All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink

1. Inclusion

Drinks in the categories of tea, coffee, milk, juice, sodas, diet beverages, energy beverages and you will liquor come in a massive and you may expanding number of alternatives. Assortment matches preferences tastes, health requirements, and you will lifetime requires, incase numerous beverages come, it is expected to come to euhydration .

Drinks contribute just as much as twenty-five%–50% of drinking habits [dos,3,4], hence he or she is necessary for appointment each day liquids demands and having euhydration. Moisture could have been with the repairs of regular bodily and intellectual properties .

But not, it’s been contended you to beverages contribute notably into the growing being obese rates in the world [6,7], simply because of its times content [8,9,10]. In certain studies, Glucose Sweetened Drinks (SSB) practices could have been from the gaining weight in children and you can grownups , while proof one coming down SSBs have a tendency to reduce steadily the likelihood of obesity and related disease eg type 2 diabetes could have been viewed as persuasive . Time consumption off beverages has increased dramatically for the past forty years by up to 222 calorie consumption for each and every people on a daily basis .

Nonetheless, products in the certain kinds do not contribute equally to help you opportunity intake . The energy articles of take in also consumption models may suggest otherwise, i.elizabeth., some caloric drinks could be ate hardly thus contributing hardly any so you can each day energy consumption. It’s been argued you to replacing sweetened caloric products that have drinking water might help remove total energy intake when you look at the fat users . Nevertheless, usage of sweetened caloric products are a complicated thing that can be viewed beyond the caloric sum along with the latest context out of slimming down designs .

More over, concurrently in order to food application, individuals affairs such as for instance seasonality, physical activity account and you may sex can impact the range into the drink possibilities and you can contribution in order to overall times consumption. These issues have not been fully investigated; next degree in this field usually elucidate the current matter-of time intake from fat reduction sources and you can out-of drinks specifically.

In an earlier research used into the Greece, with the Water Balance Survey (WBQ) device, i found that into the 984 adults, 24% of intake of water arises from beverages . There can be an unequivocal need next hard in these conclusions, elucidating this new contribution out of products to full opportunity consumption and you may equilibrium.